The Bell Jar By Sylvia Plath - 1329 Words

Sylvia Plath’s novel, â€Å"The Bell Jar†, tells what it is like to be depressed and contemplate taking your own life. Sylvia Plath actually did committed suicide. Throughout this story, there was one thought that kept running through my head with every detail she described. As I read the story, I continued to focus harder and harder about a friend of mine. I have had this friend since elementary school and she is very much like Esther Greenwood. I was able to understand Esther’s thoughts and feelings at certain points of the novel through this previous experience. The novel starts out with Esther getting the opportunity of a lifetime to work for a fashion magazine. She gets to live in a fancy hotel. She gets glamourous clothes and expensive gifts, but she does not enjoy any of these luxuries. Esther, instead of making this the time of her life, describes herself as being â€Å"very still and very empty, the way the eye of a tornado must feel, moving dul ly along in the middle of the surrounding hullabaloo†(3). In the beginning, I was unable to understand her feelings because I would love to live in a hotel and get glamourous clothes and gifts, but then I started thinking about my friend and I began to understand Esther better. The experiences I have had with my friend have helped me to connect to Esther s problems. My friend always feels trapped and judged. She always feels like there is some great expectation that she has to achieve. This pressure that she puts onShow MoreRelatedThe Bell Jar, by Sylvia Plath1318 Words   |  6 Pageswe live. Many authors who seek this understanding fall short of their expectations and find themselves questioning life to an even greater extent than they had prior to their endeavors. One example of this would be author and poet Sylvia Plath, whose novel The Bell Jar parallels the tragic events that occurred throughout her own life. This coming-of-age story follows the life of Esther, a very bright and introverted student from Boston. She spends a month in New York City as a contest-winning juniorRead MoreThe Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath1211 Words   |  5 PagesOn January 14th of 1963, Sylvia Plath had finally completed The Bell Jar after approximately two years of writing. This novel could have been considered a partial autobiography, because the main character Esther Greenwood eerily represents Sylvia Plath. There are a number of references to Plath’s real life throughout the book, too many for it to be considered a mere coincidence. Within the story, Esther Greenwood considers and attempts suicide quite frequently. Could this novel have been foreshadowingRead MoreThe Bell Jar By Sylvia Plath Essay1438 Words   |  6 Pagesthe novel been translated into nearly a dozen different languages, but it is also the only novel under the American writer and poet Sylvia Plath. She wrote this novel to resemble her life whenever she was dealing with mental illness. It was published in 1967 and was not published in the United States until 1971. After the first publication in the United Kingdom, Plath committed suicide in a very tragic way.   Even though this novel can be viewed as â€Å"dark†, many english classes read this world wideRead MoreThe Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath1211 Words   |  5 PagesSylvia Plath Research Paper Title The Bell Jar place[s] [the] turbulent months[of an adolescent’s life] in[to] mature perspective (Hall, 30). In The Bell Jar, Sylvia Plath uses parallelism, stream of consciousness, the motif of renewal and rebirth, symbolism of the boundary-driven entrapped mentally ill, and auto-biographical details to epitomize the mental downfall of protagonist, Esther Greenwood. Plath also explores the idea of how grave these timeless and poignant issues can affect a fragileRead MoreThe Bell Jar By Sylvia Plath1099 Words   |  5 PagesThe Bell Jar by: Sylvia Plath Depression is a serious topic throughout the world, especially in America. Depression can result in someone feeling completely alone. There is no direct cause for depression in adolescents, but it can be brought on by the maturing process, stress from failure in some sort, a traumatic or disturbing event such as death, or even a break up. Sure, everyone has an off day here and there, where they feel like they shouldn’t even bother getting out bed in the morning, butRead More The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath1820 Words   |  7 PagesIdentity is fragile and is a characteristic that every person must discover without hiding behind inexperience’s and excluding themselves from the outside world of reality or else their own personal bell jar will suffocate them alive. The Bell Jar, a semi-autobiographical novel written by Sylvia Plath portrays how a young woman with too many identities and unrealistic expectations overwhelms herself to the point that she contemplates and attem pts suicide multiple times. Esther Greenwood, a young collegeRead MoreThe Bell Jar By Sylvia Plath942 Words   |  4 Pagesdevelopment of her relationship with many characters in the novel, The Bell Jar. Esther is mentally and emotionally different than a majority of the people in her community. As a result of this state, she often has difficulty taking criticism to heart. Her depression continues to build throughout the novel as she remains in the asylum. It does not help that she has no aid from her loved ones. In the novel, The Bell Jar, Sylvia Plath utilizes the relationships that Esther shares with Buddy Willard MrsRead MoreThe Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath1554 Words   |  6 Pagestrials and triumphs in their personal life, their relationships with others and their surroundings. In the Bell Jar, Sylvia Plath explores the role of women in society in 1950s New York City through her relationships and interactions. Esther Greenwood is the major character and is therefore central to the novel. The book is considered to be a â€Å"roman a` clef† portraying the painful summer of Sylvia Plath’s psychotic breakdown in 1953, and contains â€Å"thinly disguised portraits of her family and friends†Read MoreThe Bell Jar By Sylvia Plath1274 Words   |  6 Pagesnovel The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath the prime character, Esther Greenwood, struggles to handle life in her own skin. She feels as though she is trapped in a glass bell jar with no escape because of her incapability to comprehend herself. For example, in chapter one Plath states, â€Å"‘My name s Elly Higginbottom,’ I said. ‘I come from Chicago.’ After that I felt safer. I didn t want anything I said or did that night to be associated with me and my real name and coming from Boston† (Plath 11). In thisRead MoreThe Bell Jar By Sylvia Plath1940 Words   |  8 PagesAccording to the Merriam Webster dictionary, the definition of the word â€Å"bell jar† is, â€Å"a bell-shaped usually glass vessel designed to contain objects or preserve gases and or a vacuum†. Sylvia Plath’s title, The Bell Jar, symbolically represents her feeling towards the seclusion and inferiority women endured trapped by societes glass vessel during the 1950’s. The Bell Jar, follows the life of Esther Greenwood, the protagonist and narrator of the story, during her desperate attempt to become a woman

Integration Paper Young Adults Essay - 2549 Words

Andrea Castro Bergstrom Psychology 230-900 24 November 2016 Integration Paper Young adults are faced with many challenges in their lives. Just like challenges, there are also different paths that can be chosen as a young adult matures. These paths lead them to their future friends, their future careers, and their future lives. As these young adults get older they may reflect on the choices they have made and see if they are satisfied with where their choices have lead them and where they stand in today’s world. They may also take with them into old age lessons they have learned and can help others learn from. Gilbert Smith is a friend of mine whom I have known for 5 years. He is 36 years old, married with one child, a daughter, and lives in Greeley Colorado. He was born in Indio California, a city located in Riverside County. He is the oldest sibling in his family. He has a younger brother and sister. Though he was born in Indio, he spent the first eight years of his life in Desert Hot Springs California, a much smaller city, also in t he County of Riverside. There, he resided with his mother, stepfather, and two siblings. His parents were not well off at all, and received government assistance for food and healthcare. His stepfather was physically abusive to him, his siblings, and his mother. This went on for several years before the abuse soon gained attention as his teachers noticed markings on his face when he arrived at school. Speaking up for himself and his family,Show MoreRelatedThe Get-Tough Effectiveness Of Juvenile Recidivism. The1037 Words   |  5 PagesThe Get-Tough Effectiveness of Juvenile Recidivism The reason for this research paper is to examine the history and the purpose the juvenile system. We will also examine the history and effectiveness of the Get- tough Law on juvenile recidivism, followed with the overall conclusion of the research. The Juvenile justice system has undergone many changes since its establishment in the 1890s. These changes were implemented by the desire to have a justice system which is sensitive and responsive toRead MoreUse of Prayer and Scripture in Coginitiv- Behavioral Therapy1247 Words   |  5 PagesUse of Prayer and Scripture in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Integration of Psychology and Theology Tamala Rivers February 16, 2012 Summary This article focuses on the use of prayer and scripture in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). First you must focus on the biblical approach which you acknowledge Gods love and deal with past hurts in a proper manner. You also must focus on Gods Holy Spirit and his scriptures. As the therapist you should not be in self, you have to focus on your clientRead MoreSocial Integration Of Older Adults1432 Words   |  6 Pagesworld, the number of older adults increasing rapidly. How are their lives now? Some older adults feel happy, other older adults feel lonely, especially in China. Why they feel lonely? Lacking of social integration is one of the most important reasons. There are a lot of factors cause it, for example, feeling void after retirement, leaving their hometown, having a few friends, etc. And most of these reasons are related to life experiences. How it influences older adults? Now, scientists want to useRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On The Technology Field1421 Words   |  6 PagesThe author of the article explains they retrieved the sourced information from Facebook Messenger s privacy policy page itself, and Android s privacy policy also. The constant integration of social media within our lives increases the amount we are forced to use these applications. Facebook Messenger now forces integration with the user s phone, if the user does not accept the Messenger application the user will not be able to access his/her messages on the social media platform. Facebook MessengerRead MoreClinical Community Health Workers ( Cchw ) Integration Into Clinical Workforce1024 Words   |  5 PagesClinical Community Health Workers (cCHW) Integration Into Clinical Workforce An external market research analysis can be defined as the process of scanning and evaluating an organization’s various external environmental sectors to determine positive and negative trends that could impact organizational performance (External, n.d.). The goal of external market research analysis is to explore any opportunities and threats existing in the environment. Opportunities are favorable to the conditionRead MoreDiabetes Is A Rising Epidemic Essay756 Words   |  4 PagesDiabetes is a rising epidemic that is largely due to the increasing rates of obesity, especially in young adults (Oram et al., 2016). Thus, it is becoming more difficult to discern between type 1 and type 2 diabetes in this population, which can lead to inappropriate treatment administration. Classification of diabetes subtypes is the first step in determining an individual’s course of treatment, thus accuracy is imperative. Many predictive and diagnostic tests exist for diabetes, includ ing fastingRead MoreSocial Media And The Negative Outcomes1531 Words   |  7 Pagesnegative outcomes it imposes on young adults. Some examples include increased anxiety, depression, loneliness, and worthlessness. These potential negative effects raise concerns about young adults’ increased usage of social media within the past decade. Lenhard, Purcell, and Smith (2010), assert in their journal the following: â€Å"93% of young adults between the ages of 18 and 29 go online; 72% of young adults use social networking websites; and one-third of all online young adults subscribe to Twitter† (pRead MoreUnethical Practices Of Marketers Towards Children And Their Childhood1436 Words   |  6 Pagescases it involves only manipulation and deception. This paper argues the unethical practices of marketers towards children and their childhood, which leads to impact there life negatively. The first section of this paper will examine the deceptive marketing techniques used by the marketers to influence children. This paper will then discuss why marketing to children is a social problem and how it has impacted their lives. Lastly, this paper will conclude a final discussion in regards to the solutionsRead MoreSafeguarding the Welfare of Children and Young People1406 Words   |  6 PagesUnit 02 – Safeguarding the welfare of children and young people 1. Using the headings provided, briefly describe the key points of each of the following guidelines and legislation. (1.1) and analyse how these guidelines affect the day to day work with young children (1.3) The Children act 1989 The aim of this act is to simplify the laws that are already in place, which protect children and young people in the UK. It was seen as a â€Å"serious shake up† of children’s rights and protection, and alsoRead MoreEssay about Autism Spectrum Disorder and the Theories of Vygotsky1423 Words   |  6 Pageslife-functioning for individuals on the autism spectrum. Models of support or interventions strategies have been researched but little, or limited practical or resourced models appeared as accessible for families of older youth. The intention of this research paper was to investigate a specific activity group for youth on the autism spectrum. The group runs concurrently with a parent group and is funded through a respite funding provision. The research identified three main themes that delineate the activity

Contemporary Strategy Cycle Text and Cases

Question: Discuss about the Contemporary Strategy Cycle for Text and Cases. Answer: Introduction The growth of the business largely depends on the micro and macro environments. The internal operations of the business may influenced by countrys economic conditions. The economic environments are also impacts on the industry specific growth in that particular country. Simultaneously the future industry prospects help to forecast the potential growth of the company. By the help of Top down analysis, the company will explore the economic factors of the business. In this report, the Australian automobile industry has been chosen and two companies economical and social factors will be evaluated considering the future potentiality of both the company. On the other hand, the Bottom up analysis will evaluate the current financial conditions of Ford Australia and Toyota Australia. The companys financial performances will be analyzed with the help of ratios of the financial. After analyzing both the sections, the researcher will evaluate the potential edge among each other. Lastly, the reco mmendation steps will also incorporate in the report. Top-down analysis According to Grant (2016), the top down analysis of both the company includes the big picture of the both Ford Australia and Toyota Australia. This is mainly composed of the Global economy, local economy, sector based economy and specific needs of an economy. The analysis is mainly, based on the different types of the inclusion for considering the bigger picture components and at a later stage including the smaller components in the businesses of both the selected enterprises. It is of paramount importance due to the rising demand of the consumers in the automobile sector. It was observed that in the year 2015, Australia accounted for a 1% growth in the economic position since the year 2012 (Shahiduzzaman and Alam 2014). In the recent times, the GDP of the nation is seen to be growing by more than 4.40%. Graph 1: Australian GDP (Source: rba.gov.au. 2016) This is mainly evident with the growing expansion rate of the nation and then dominance of the country in the service sector. Then economic improvement is further seen to be mainly, dependent of the economic expansion based on the mineral resources of the agricultural outputs. In the particular context the different types of the aspects considered for the development the most evident in terms of the increase is seen in the increase in the expenditure if the country by more than 1.9%. The growing contribution to the extended growth is also seen in terms of the service industry as the major source of the GDP with a total contribution of 1.1%. It has been further observed that various types of the other sources of the income of the country is seen to maintain stable position around the globe in the area of market capitalization and growth in terms of the Australian dollar in terms of the International market (Smyth and Buchanan 2013). Most of the automobile companies are associated with component export business in this country. (Source: Valadkhani and Smyth 2016) As stated by Murray and Lenzen (2013) the automotive industry in the twenty century of the company is based on the considerations made by the International manufacturers. Ford Motor Corporation is observed to be one of the pioneers as a major carmaker during the 20th century. It was further observed that during the 1948 era Holden manufactured the first mass production car. By the year 1970 Australia became 10th in terms of maximum reduction of automotive sector. In the year 2000 The theory of Holden, General Motors was observed to be one of the major importers of the automotive sector including brand such as Toyota Australia and Ford Australia (Nayeem 2012). In the recent times, the international variant maker of the car such as Camry is observed to develop new manufacturing facilities outside Australia. This shows the immense potential of Australia in terms of manufacturers of both local and international variants of the car manufacturers based in the country (Watson 2012). Ford Australia is one of the major subsidiaries of automotive carmaker based in United States named as Ford Motor Company. Henry Ford founded it in the year 1925. Through the years the company is responsible for manufacturing several variants of the car for all the sections of the society. In the year 2016 some of the budget car models such as Ford fiesta, Ford focus and Ford Mondeo models have shown immense potential in the market through an increasing demand not only in Australia but as well as international market (Kim et al.2015). It has been further able to enhance its range of products by focusing on manufacturing all terrain cars such as for the go sport, Ford territory and Ford Kuga, which is set slightly higher, price than the aforementioned models launched by the company. Some of the presently popular models particularly in Australia include Ford falcon, Ford Ranger, Ford transit custom and Ford transit. The main USP of the car manufacturer has been seen in production of no t only family, performance and commercial vehicles but it has shown immense potential in large SUVs for the purpose of carrying heavy transportation, hence it has been able to segregate its demand across all the major buyers in the market (Hensher 2013). In the Australian market, the Mustang GT is particularly popular with its latest version of power packed 5 liter V8 engine. The CEO of the company has reported that in the month of February 2016 the company sold several equipments with ego boost changing which proved to be full efficient and creates less carbon impact than its V8 siblings create. The increasing demand of Ford is evident with wide number of availability of retailers in the market and due to a stable GDP of the nation, a high amount of demand for the automotive sector has been observed. It has been further observed that the demand for Ford Australia has been consistent for the last five years and it further aims to be a major threat to its competitors by dominating in all the different sectors of car categories. The Toyota Motor Corporation based in Australia founded in the year 1958, is a subsidiary of the Toyota motor Corporation origin early situated in Japan. The headquarters of the tired Australia is located at Port Melbourne, Victoria. The carmaker has taken part in an active role in marketing, managing and advertising several types of business operational product and services for Toyota Motor Corporation based in Australia (Valadkhani and Smyth 2016). The most popular variant of the car-maker has been through the distribution of Lexus car model, this is evident with its presence across 70 different countries with maximum amount of demand generated from Australia. The tired Australia is observed to consist of a diverse workforce with employee strength of more than 3900 and 79 contractors located in the major manufacturing plants. Although the company has a considerable amount of employee strength in Australia the sex ratio has been observed to be poorly the by the company with only 15% of employees being female and dressed being male. In the year 2014 the company declared to end its manufacturing of vehicles and engines situated in the Australian manufacturing plant, due to the unfavorable dollar from the export was not viable enough. Furthermore it was observed that the high cost of the local manufacturer resulted in a higher competition in a smaller local market. Due to this the workforce of the company is also observed to reduce to only 1300 from 3982. As per the sales record of the company, it has shown steep increase in the units sold by the company from the year 2011 to 2015. The company is known to provide various popular passenger models such as Toyota Aurion, Toyota Camry, Toyota Corolla, Toyota Prius and Toyota 86. Among the different types of ACV models the Toyota FJ cruiser along with Toyota Land Cruiser has been observed to be one of the popular variants of the midsized and large sized is in these distributed in Australia. Among the several types of commercial models launched by the company Toyota coaster and Toyota Hilax has been observed to add a significant amount of revenues in compared to the other models launched by the car. The company is closing down its operation in Australia as the company has faced several issues of after-tax losses with more than $ 437 million. It has been further observed that the provisions for the redundancy in the payments. Continue to degrade its profit for the next three years (Law et al. 2014). Hence the various types of conclusions drawn from the top-down analysis of both the companies it can be stated that Ford Motor corporations Australia is in a better position to emphasize on a positive change and more potential to increase its share price. Moreover, the company is observed to be in a better position to attract more number of investors due to the several types of macro and micro economic conditions discussed in the top-down approach of both the companies. Bottom-down analysis Bottom-down analysis helps investors to consider the micro-economic factors which are all about discussion regarding the companys financial health, statements and products and services and other specific indicators of the performance over time. Here, the financial ratios are ascertained to analyze both the companys financial conditions as well as highlighting the future growth potentialities. For the analysis there are three perspectives have been considered. Both the companys ratios are evaluated for assessing the conditions of profitability, liquidity and efficiencies over three last five years. It has been observed that the revenues of Ford Australia have been increased, but the growth rate is slow moving (Ford.com.au 2016). In the year of 2015, the company has taken a jump in terms of the maintaining the gross profit which is considerable higher (USD 23063) compared to the figure of 2014 (Paik and Melchers 2014). During the expansion of the business across Australia, the volume of cars has been accelerating and results the higher operating income (Ford.com.au 2016). Furthermore, the net profit margin has been quite high in 2015. On the other side, the investors are mainly looking at the amount of dividend the company is willing to share to their shareholders. It ensures the internal profitable condition. However, it is disappointing that the company does not show much interest to share the dividend for their investors over the last five fiscal years. Thus it is definitely an unsatisfactory result for the future returns of the investors. On the contrary, the profitability condition of Toyota Motors in Australia is far more better that the Ford Australia. The all ratios are quite positive in terms of gross profit margin, net profit margin and operating profit margin. It means that the company has successfully generates revenue after it pays all expenses (Toyota.com.Au 2016). Now it can be expected that Toyota Motor would be able to earn a profit for the stable financial condition. The utilization of assets and liabilities internally is an important consideration for any business. It indicates how the company is using its inventories, machineries for the repayment of liabilities effectively (Correa-Velez, Spaaij and Upham 2012). While the calculation of the efficiency ratio, two ratios are considered for assessing the efficiencies of both the companies. The inventory ratio of Ford Motors is decreasing in 2015, compare to the figure of 2011. This signifies that the company is having weak sales (Ford.com.au 2016). In other words, this ratio clearly indicates that the less number of times the inventory of the company is sold and replaced over a period of time. On the other hand, the deployment of assets for the generation of the assets is all about the assets turnover ratio. It is indeed disappointing that this ratio has been decreasing over the last five years which means that the company is less generating revenue against the employing per dollar of assets. In s hort, this can be said that the company has been showing the less efficient financial position and a lot of improvements can be desirable to maintain the competitiveness in the Australias automobile industry. On the contrary, Toyota Automobile Company has been showing their efficiency. The inventories of the company are fast moving and have successfully generated revenue by larger volume of selling cars (Toyota.com.au 2016). According to Sharma et al. (2012), the liquidity of the company needs to be measured to assess the ability of mitigating short-term obligation for the certain period of time. It is indeed positive that the current assets of the company has been increasing consecutively in the last five years and thus the current ratio represents much healthy balance as well as the quick ratio of Ford Australia. This ensures that the company can manage short-term obligations by utilizing liquid assets of the company over a certain year of financials. On the contrary, Toyota group have also shown the positive liquidity, but the management is concerned about that such liquid position is gradually reduced over the years (Toyota.com.au 2016). In other words, investors could anticipate that the company may find difficulties to mitigate the short term obligations or scare of working capital in the long run of the operation. The above financial comparison clearly indicates that the Toyota has an edge over Ford Australia in terms of the profitability, the growth of sales, the income of the operation and the net profits in the recent times. Although Toyota Group of Companies needs to improve their short term liquid position to ensure smooth operation for the future period. The above bottom line analysis also suggests that the Ford needs to improve their profitability and efficiency position by utilizing assets in a more constructive manner. Recommendations The above top down analysis covers the environmental factors of Australia. This has been found in the analysis that Australia has the substantial motor vehicle industry two third percent of total cars are sold out within the country where as one third percent of cars being exported. Furthermore, the Australian automotive production is supported by good supply chain and efficient automotive manufacturers like Ford, Holden, Toyota and Mitsubishi. In this discussion, there are two automobile companies are considered for analysis the macro as well as micro environments of the company considering the industry growth opportunities in the longer period of time. The political stability and healthy economic growth provides perfect operational condition for both the companies. On the other hand, Australian people have shown their interest not only for the purchase of car but also the major exports of the Australian components of automobiles. On the financial perspective, both the companies are quite efficient and hold the stable condition in the market. However, both the companies are in search of new design and unique features for delivering better to their customers. In that case, Toyota has an edge over Ford. This further supports Toyotas stable financial condition in terms of liquidity, profitability and efficiency ratios. Though the company needs to improve their liquid position in the near future, the following recommended steps needs to be followed: The company needs to improve their fast credit dealing and customer payments. Toyota needs to reduce their research and development costs to reduce manufacturing costs and ensure competitive advantages The company should constantly find the fuel efficiency optimization The company needs to employ much of the local employees at their workplace On the other hand, Ford Australia has certain aspects which need to be improved such as: The company must improve the profitability in terms of selling larger number of cars. For this, the unique manufacturing features need to find out. On the other hand, the company should reduce the COGS figure and use inventories more effectively. Furthermore, the dividend much be paid to their shareholders for the future sustainability of the company. References: Correa-Velez, I., Spaaij, R. and Upham, S., 2012. We are not here to claim better services than any other: social exclusion among men from refugee backgrounds in urban and regional Australia. Journal of Refugee Studies, p.fes003. Ford.com.au. (2016). Ford Australia - New Cars, SUVs, Utes Commercial vehicles.. [online] Available at: https://www.ford.com.au/ [Accessed 15 Sep. 2016]. Grant, R.M., 2016. Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons. Grant, R.M., 2016. Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons. Hensher, D.A., 2013. Dimensions of automobile demand: a longitudinal study of household automobile ownership and use. Elsevier. Kim, H.C., Wallington, T.J., Mueller, S.A., Bras, B., Guldberg, T. and Tejada, F., 2015. Life Cycle Water Use of Ford Focus Gasoline and Ford Focus Electric Vehicles. Journal of Industrial Ecology. Law, L., Roy, H., Sidey, C., Grabovac, A., Sullivan, B. and Feldhaeuser, H., 2014. Highly Commended-Consumer Insight: Shifting Gears Driving Business Change by Engaging Dealers. Market Social Research, 22(2), p.90. Murray, J. and Lenzen, M., 2013. The sustainability practitioners guide to multi-regional input-output analysis. Champaign, IL: Common Ground Publishing. Nayeem, T., 2012. Decision-making styles of individualist and collectivist automobile consumers in Australia. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(16), p.44. Paik, J.K. and Melchers, R.E. eds., 2014. Condition assessment of aged structures. Elsevier. Shahiduzzaman, M. and Alam, K., 2014. A reassessment of energy and GDP relationship: the case of Australia. Environment, development and sustainability, 16(2), pp.323-344. Sharma, R., Manzie, C., Bessede, M., Brear, M.J. and Crawford, R.H., 2012. Conventional, hybrid and electric vehicles for Australian driving conditionsPart 1: Technical and financial analysis. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 25, pp.238-249. Smyth, P. and Buchanan, J., 2013. Inclusive Growth in Australia: Social policy as economic investment. Allen Unwin. Toyota.com.au, (2016). New Cars Toyota Australia: Prices, Service Centres, Dealers, Test Drives. [online] Available at: https://www.toyota.com.au/ [Accessed 15 Sep. 2016]. Valadkhani, A. and Smyth, R., 2016. The effects of the motor vehicle industry on employment and research innovation in Australia. International Journal of Manpower, 37(4). Watson, T., 2012. Global pension assets study 2012. January, London: Towers Watson. www.rba.gov.au. (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.rba.gov.au [Accessed 15 Sep. 2016].

Murder Investigation Essay Essay Example

Murder Investigation Essay Essay Murder Investigation Essay Name: Course: Instructor: We will write a custom essay sample on Murder Investigation Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Murder Investigation Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Murder Investigation Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Institution: Date: Murder Investigation Essay Criminal psychology is essentially described as a learning of both mental and behavioral aspects of a criminal. Hence, serial homicide psychology is essentially described as the study of the mental and behavioral aspects of a serial killer. A serial killer is described as an individual who commits specific murders because he or she is driven by a particular desire and urge to kill individuals. A serial killer is defined as such when he or she is involved in the murder of a minimum of three people. In essence serial homicide is executed in manner that there is usually what is defined as a â€Å"cooling off† period between the murders with the intent of making the murders seem unconnected. The cooling off period is used by serial killer to strategize, plan and evaluate the public reactions of people in the society. The Federal Bureau describes that the mind of a serial killer is driven by several elements such as thrill, financial gain and the need of attention form the police as well as the society. The prey of a serial killer is usually unaware of the presence of a murder seeking their blood for various reasons. Majority of serial murders are usually executed in a similar manner, which makes tem easily linkable to the serial killer (Andrews Bonta, 2010). Essentially the motivation of murder by a serial killer is usually based on psychological issues. Hence, scientists as well as theorists seek to understand the functions inside the mind of a serial killer towards murder. In addition, the traits exhibited by a serial killer are not detailed within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) of American Psychiatric Association does not define any behavior exhibited by serial killers as part of mental illnesses. Majority of the serial killers usually exhibit antisocial personality disorders, which are not entailed as part of mental illnesses within the DSM manuals (Andrews Bonta, 2010). Individuals with Anti-Social Personality Disorders (ASPD) usually have long histories of confrontation with the law and end up arrested by law enforcement officers (Andrews Bonta, 2010). In addition, such individuals are also involved in physical confrontations with people they met in the various social settings. They are also descried as individuals with excellent oratory skills such that they are able to tell lies without notice from their listener. Some are also unable to stay in employment, as they tend to get hostile with other employees as well as the employer due to their confrontational behavior. Some psychologists regard psychopathic behavior as an advanced form of ASPD. Furthermore, they also view that psychopathic behavior is usually exhibited more in men than in women. Psychopaths usually have antisocial tendencies, which are more advanced because of the additional behavior, which they tend to exhibit, thus making them difficult to diagnose and eventually give treatment. The main traits exhibited are the lack of responsibility for actions as well the lack of remorse and guilt for their actions. They are also usually paranoid and suspicious of all activities around them as if they think that people around them want to victimize them. Serial killers generally love the power and attention they accrue from holding and killing their victims. They essentially need the thrill and attention they accrue from holding their victims hostage and doing away with the victim by death. Majority of the serial killers usually have histories of neglect and child abuse leading to a need to seek attention in manners, which they know, through violence. Hence the means to vent out the anger emanating from a history of neglect and violence results in use of identical or higher levels of violence to seek and attention and vent out their anger. The media attention granted to the serial killers is usually a motivating factor for the killers. This is because they learn that their efforts are recognized, hence they seek to commit heinous acts to gain attention, while venting out their anger. Once a serial killer is involved in murder, he or she grows the need to commit more identical acts to satisfy the innate psychological needs, which migh t be emotional, physical or sexual. Majority of the serial killers are described to have a psychological disorder, which is the main cause for their antisocial and unstable behavior. Hence, their activities are usually related to one of more of the psychological disorders detailed in the DSM manuals for psychological disorders. Some of most high profile serial killers in the world exhibited mental instabilities and obsession in their activities. For instance, Gary Leon Ridgeway alias the Green River Killer was charged and convicted of at least 48 murders of women. However, he confessed that he had killed more than double the number, which had been identified. Majority of the women he had killed were prostitutes. He was able to exercise such because as a serial killer he had the ability to lure the women with the promise of money for sexual favors. He gained the alias Green River Killer after the first five of his victims were discovered in the Green River. His main method of killing was by strangling and with the use of ligatures. This is an express indication of the lack of consideration and respect for human life. He used such methods to make sure that he that felt powerful as he took away the lives of the women that he killed (Waller, 2010). Another infamous serial killer famed for his actions was John Wayne Gacy, who was a member of the Junior Chamber Of Commerce. He confessed about the murders of numerous people some of whom were not accounted for by the authorities. He was a respected member of society. However, he had an abusive relationship with his abusive alcoholic father. There were suspicion that he was a child molester and homosexual. This is an indication that previous childhood experiences might have had role in his killings. Theodore Robert Cowell alias Ted Bundy was an infamous serial killer in the 1946 who was famed for his good looks. This enabled him to lure his victims with ample ease to their death. He used various approaches such as posing as a police officer, firefighter and other workers to gain trust from his potential victims. He was responsible for killing 40 women after raping them and eventually mutilating their bodies. He confessed to the murders. Eventually, he was executed. It is claimed that before he dumped his bodies, he applied make up to the dead woman and slept with them (Bartol, Bartol, 2008). Mass murder is essentially described as the act of killing more than four individuals at the same time or over a relatively short period. In addition, the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) describes that mass murders are characterized by the time of occurrence, which separates them from the definition of serial murders or homicide (FBI Serial Murders Report, 2009). They usually occur during the â€Å"cooling off† period. Furthermore, mass murders usually occur in a specific location whereby all the victims are killed in a single location or a vicinity of a particular location. In essence, mass murder is defined as the intentional and indiscriminate murder of individuals by either individuals or organizations. Serial killers when involved in the murder of large numbers of people, usually execute such plans in a longer period. Serial murders are usually instigated and executed based on psychological needs and imbalance by the serial killers. On the other hand, mass murders are usually aimed at execution of large numbers of people without discrimination of the victims. Hence, the difference between mass murders and serial murders are based on the selection of the victims. Mass murders are at times based on killing of family, friends, colleagues and strangers based on an individual belief. Such events usually have motivating factors such as bullying, racism, loss of employment, lack of attention, discrimination and perceived alienation of an individual. Hence, a mass murderer executes his or her activities of killing people because of previous encounters and experiences with a targeted group of individuals. Mass murders are usually based on various contexts. Death of people a result of an act of war is by some in society considered as mass murder. On the other hand, others consider that mass murder amounts to death of people who do not have any reason to face such cruelty. They simply become victims of fate. Mass murders are also based on political contexts such as during the execution and murder of political supporters of a specific grouping. This is at times regarded as genocide based on the numbers of people executed in such circumstances (Geberth, 2006). The definition of serial homicide from the Bureau of Justice Statistics defines serial homicide as an act that involves the murder of several individuals in separate events, which are separated by time but are executed in a similar fashion or signature. This gives definition to the serial killer. A serial killer and a spree killer usually have identical traits in the execution styles of their activities. A spree killer is described as one with the ability of hunting for the victims whereas the serial killer uses seduction and luring tactics to lure the victims to their demise. In addition, serial killers actualize their need to kill based merely on sadistic urges, which are essentially defined as psychopathic. Furthermore, their sociopathic and unsociable traits make them unable to interact and sympathize with others about their suffering. Hence, the lack of remorse is usually a trait evident in majority serial murderers (Waller, 2010). In conclusion, serial killing is based on psychological instabilities and disorders of an individual. On the other hand, mass murders are usually executed at a specific moment. However, the two instances are identical in that serial killing and mass murder involve premeditation of such efforts before the actual execution of plans to kill large numbers of people. In essence, both perspectives involve taking the lives of people who are unaware of such preplanned events aimed at actualizing their demise. Reference Andrews, D. A., Bonta, J. (2010). The psychology of criminal conduct. Albany, N.Y.: Lexis Nexis/Anderson Pub. Bartol, C. R., Bartol, A.M. (2008). Criminal Behavior: A Psychological Approach. New York: Pearson Prentice Hall. FBI Serial Murders Report. (2009). Serial Murder: Multi-Disciplinary Perspectives for Investigators. Behavioral Analysis Unit: National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime. Retrieved from http://www.fbi.gov/publications/serial_murder.htm on March 9, 2010. Geberth, V. J. (2006). Practical homicide investigation: Tactics, procedures, and forensic techniques. Boca Raton, FL: CRC/Taylor Francis. Waller, S. (2010). Serial killers philosophy: Being and killing. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell.